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The Babeș-Bolyai University ((ルーマニア語、モルドバ語():Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai), (ハンガリー語:Babeș-Bolyai Tudományegyetem), (ドイツ語:Babeș-Bolyai Universität)), commonly known after its abbreviation, UBB, is a public university in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. With more than 41,000 students in 2014, it is the largest university in the country. The Babeș-Bolyai University offers study programmes in Romanian, Hungarian, German, English, and French. The university was named after two prominent scientists from Transylvania, the Romanian bacteriologist Victor Babeș and the Hungarian mathematician János Bolyai. UBB is affiliated, inter alia, to the International Association of Universities, the Santander Group, the Agence universitaire de la Francophonie and the European University Association.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Affiliations )〕 Likewise, UBB signed the Magna Charta Universitatum and concluded partnerships with 210 universities in 50 countries.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Partners )〕 The Babeș-Bolyai University is classified as an ''advanced research and education university'' by the Ministry of Education.〔(Institutii de invatamant superior clasificate ca universitati de cercetare avansata si educatie )〕 In the 2012 QS World University Rankings, it was included in the Top 700 universities of the world, together with three other Romanian universities.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Babeș-Bolyai University )〕 == History == The history of the education in Cluj begins in 1581, with the establishment of the Jesuit college by Stephen Báthory. The college received buildings and land within the medieval city walls, specifically on ''Platea Luporum'' (the present Mihail Kogălniceanu Street). The first rector of the college was the Polish Jesuit priest Jacobus Wujek (Vangrovitius). In 1585, there were 230 students studying here, divided into six classes. The language of instruction and learning was Latin. The college was disestablished later, and Protestants, Unitarians, Calvinists and Catholics established by turn other colleges. In 1776, Empress Maria Theresa founded in Cluj a German university, subsequently replaced with the far-famed Piarist high school, teaching in Latin.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cluj-Napoca, Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai )〕 With the affirmation of the Romanian nation, in the context of the European revolutions of 1848, was explicitly questioned the issue on university in national language. At the express request of the Romanians, in 1870, József Eötvös, then Minister of Education, proposes the creation in Cluj of a university teaching in Hungarian, Romanian and German, idea also welcomed by the Romanian elite. Meanwhile, Eötvös dies, and in 1872, Franz Joseph I legislates the establishment of the Hungarian Royal University of Kolozsvár in Hungarian only, which caused dissatisfaction among Romanians.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Repere istorice ale universităţii clujene )〕 After the oath, on 20 December 1872, 258 students start courses. There were created four distinct faculties: Faculty of Law and State Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Philosophy, Letters and History, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. The faculties were equal to each other and enjoyed internal autonomy. The first rector was Professor Áron Berde from the Faculty of Law, specialist in economics and finance. Besides the four faculties is created a Pedagogical Institute, for training secondary school teachers. From 1895 the girls had the right to learn at university. In 1902 was inaugurated the new building of the university. After the First World War, and in the context of the Great Union of 1918, the Cluj university, such as universities in Bratislava and Strasbourg, was taken over by authorities and became an institution of reunited Romania. Hungarian teachers who have not sworn allegiance to the new Romanian state created in 1918 established the Hungarian University of Szeged (1921).〔 On 12 May 1919 was constituted the Romanian University of Cluj. The new Romanian university, initially named ''Superior Dacia University'', later King Ferdinand I University, was opened on 3 November 1919, and officially inaugurated on 1–2 February 1920 in the presence of King Ferdinand I. In 1940, after territorial revision imposed by the Second Vienna Award, the university was moved to Timișoara and Sibiu,〔 and the Hungarian University of Szeged was brought to Cluj. After the end of the Second World War and the repeal of the Vienna Award, on 1 June 1945, Romanian authorities moved back in Cluj the Romanian ''King Ferdinand I University'' (later renamed to ''Victor Babeș University''), and established ''Bolyai University'', a state university teaching in Hungarian, with four faculties (Letters and Philosophy, Law and Political Economy, Sciences, and Human Medicine which, in 1948, was separated and moved to Târgu Mureș to form the University of Medicine and Pharmacy). Between 1945 and 1959, the Romanian University of Cluj undergoes a profound process of institutional and human resource transformation, following the implementation of policies established by the Communists. Many teachers are purged, new faculties and departments are established by reorganizing old ones. In the spring of 1959, the two educational institutions were united under the name ''Babeș-Bolyai University'',〔 after two renowned scholars: Romanian biologist Victor Babeș and Hungarian mathematician János Bolyai. In 1995, the Babeș-Bolyai University reorganises its structure, introducing a multicultural based education. Are created the three major lines of study on linguistic criteria: Romanian line of study, Hungarian line of study and German line of study. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Babeș-Bolyai University」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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